Tetralogy of Fallot(ToF)
Overview
What it is
Tetralogy of Fallot is a severe congenital heart defect involving four specific structural malformations of the heart and its major blood vessels. These defects allow oxygen-poor blood to mix with oxygen-rich blood instead of being properly pumped to the lungs. As a result, the dog's body suffers from a chronic lack of oxygen.
How it presents
Symptoms typically appear during puppyhood and include rapid tiring, shortness of breath, and a bluish tint to the gums, especially during exercise. Owners may also notice slow growth or sudden fainting spells.
Treatment
While curative open-heart surgery is rarely available for dogs, the condition is managed palliatively with lifelong medication and regular heart scans. Treatment and management costs typically range from 1,500 to 5,000 EUR.
How it's tested
Herzultraschall (Echokardiographie)(Herz-Echo)
Primary testCardiac examEchokardiographie zur Beurteilung von Herzklappen, -wänden, -funktion. Pflicht z.B. bei Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (MMVD).
Issuing body: vet
Result scheme: Cardiac-OFA
Affected breeds
1 of 1 breeds
Treatment cost
Estimated range of typical treatment cost. Actual cost depends on severity, clinic and region.
Frequently asked
What is Tetralogy of Fallot?
Tetralogy of Fallot is a severe congenital heart defect involving four specific structural malformations of the heart and its major blood vessels. These defects allow oxygen-poor blood to mix with oxygen-rich blood instead of being properly pumped to the lungs. As a result, the dog's body suffers from a chronic lack of oxygen.
How is Tetralogy of Fallot tested?
Tests currently in our database: Herzultraschall (Echokardiographie).
Which breeds are most affected?
Most commonly affected: Wolfspitz.