Apple head
Also known as: Apple dome skull · Apfelkopfform · Domed skull · Extreme Brachyzephalie
Overview
What it is
Apfelkopf, or apple head, describes an extremely rounded, dome-like skull shape with a very pronounced forehead angle, or stop. This skeletal variation affects the structure of the head and can predispose dogs to open fontanelles, which are soft spots where the skull bones fail to close fully. In some cases, this shape can also restrict fluid flow in the brain, leading to a buildup of fluid known as hydrocephalus.
How it presents
Owners will primarily notice an unusually dome-shaped head, which is typically visible from birth or early puppyhood. If secondary brain pressure develops, a young dog may show signs like coordination issues, aimless wandering, or seizures, usually appearing within the first year of life.
Treatment
The underlying skull shape cannot be altered, but secondary complications like fluid buildup can be managed with lifelong medication or a one-time surgery to implant a shunt. Depending on whether the dog requires daily supportive care or advanced surgery, treatment costs range from 0 to 4,000 EUR.
How it's tested
Affected breeds
Treatment cost
Estimated range of typical treatment cost. Actual cost depends on severity, clinic and region.
Frequently asked
What is Apple head?
Apfelkopf, or apple head, describes an extremely rounded, dome-like skull shape with a very pronounced forehead angle, or stop. This skeletal variation affects the structure of the head and can predispose dogs to open fontanelles, which are soft spots where the skull bones fail to close fully. In some cases, this shape can also restrict fluid flow in the brain, leading to a buildup of fluid known as hydrocephalus.
How is Apple head tested?
Various clinical and genetic tests are used depending on the breed and presentation.
Which breeds are most affected?
Most commonly affected: Bedlington Terrier, Cesky Terrier, English Toy Terrier (Black and Tan), Parson Russell Terrier, Australian Terrier, Boston Terrier, Brazilian Terrier, Jack Russell Terrier.