Anencephaly/Exencephaly
Also known as: Neural tube defects · Anencephaly · Exencephaly · Anenzephalie · Exenzephalie · …
Overview
What it is
This is a severe developmental defect of the nervous system where the brain and skull do not form properly while the puppy is growing in the womb. Because the skull vault fails to close, the developing brain tissue remains exposed and cannot develop normally. This condition has a complex inheritance pattern, and there are currently no genetic tests available to screen for it.
How it presents
This condition is present at birth, and affected puppies are typically stillborn or pass away immediately after being born. An owner would immediately notice the physical absence of the top of the skull and exposed brain tissue.
Treatment
There is no treatment for this lethal condition. Veterinary care is limited to confirming the diagnosis or providing humane euthanasia, with typical costs ranging from 50 to 250 EUR.
How it's tested
Affected breeds
Treatment cost
Estimated range of typical treatment cost. Actual cost depends on severity, clinic and region.
Frequently asked
What is Anencephaly/Exencephaly?
This is a severe developmental defect of the nervous system where the brain and skull do not form properly while the puppy is growing in the womb. Because the skull vault fails to close, the developing brain tissue remains exposed and cannot develop normally. This condition has a complex inheritance pattern, and there are currently no genetic tests available to screen for it.
How is Anencephaly/Exencephaly tested?
Various clinical and genetic tests are used depending on the breed and presentation.
Which breeds are most affected?
This condition isn't tied to a specific breed in our database.